速冻芦笋中10种农药残留及5种重金属含量的测定

目的 分析测定速冻芦笋中重金属及农药残留量,为种植产业用药安全性提供试验依据。方法 采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪（ICP-MS）法测定速冻芦笋中铅、砷、镉、汞、铬5种重金属含量;采用气相色谱-质谱联用法测定速冻芦笋中甲基毒死蜱、治螟磷、异丙威、精甲霜灵、灭线磷、哒螨灵、倍硫磷、甲拌磷、甲基对硫磷、甲胺磷的含量。结果 所有样品重金属在安全范围内,大部分农药残留量也在安全范围内,但农药哒螨灵残留量超过食品安全国家标准,尚存在一定的安全隐患,应引起重视,以保证用药的安全性。     

绝缘材料用交联聚乙烯的研发进展

综述了绝缘材料用交联聚乙烯的研发进展。采用过氧化物化学交联法,通过添加纳米聚合物可以提高交联聚乙烯的电荷输运调控能力和击穿场强,从而提升交联聚乙烯绝缘材料的耐高压交流击穿能力;通过添加电压稳定剂可以改善交联聚乙烯绝缘材料的耐电性能和击穿强度;通过添加含磷助剂和含氮助剂可以提升交联聚乙烯电缆绝缘材料的高压直流击穿强度以及抑制空间电荷性能。采用硅烷交联法,添加长诱导时间催化剂母粒生产的绝缘材料抗老化并且诱导时间可控,在生产和使用过程中不发生预交联,生产过程中炭黑的均匀分散有助于中低压架空电线电缆耐气候性能的提升。     

Pt-modulated Cu/SiO2 catalysts for efficient hydrogenation of CO2-derived ethylene carbonate to methanol and ethylene glycol

Copper-based catalysts were widely used in the heterogeneous selective hydrogenation of ethylene car-bonate (EC),a key step in the indirect conversion of CO2 to methanol.However,a high H2/EC molar ratio in feed is required to achieve favorable activity and the methanol selectivity still needs to be improved.Herein,we fabricated a series of Pt-modulated Cu/SiO2 catalysts and investigated their catalytic perfor-mance for hydrogenation of EC in a fixed bed reactor.By modulating the Pt amount,the optimal 0.2Pt-Cu/SiO2 catalyst exhibited the highest catalytic performance with ～99％ EC conversion,over 98％ selectiv-ity to ethylene glycol and 95.8％ selectivity to methanol at the H2/EC ratio as low as 60 in feed.In addition,0.2Pt-Cu/SiO2 catalyst showed excellent stability for 150 h on stream over different H2/EC ratios of 180-40.It is demonstrated a proper amount of Pt could significantly lower the H2/EC molar ratio,promote the reducibility and dispersion of copper,and also enhance surface density of Cu+ species.This could be due to the strong interaction of Cu and Pt induced by formation of alloyed Pt single atoms on the Cu lattice.Meanwhile,a relatively higher amount of Pt would deteriorate the catalytic activity,which could be due to the surface coverage and aggregation of active species.These findings may enlighten some fundamen-tal insights for further design of Cu-based catalysts for the hydrogenation of carbon-oxygen bonds.     

枸杞杆制活性炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附研究

以宁夏农业废弃物枸杞杆为原料,用不同的活化剂分别制备磷酸-活性炭（P-AC）、氢氧化钾-活性炭（K-AC）、磷酸-氢氧化钾-活性炭（P-K-AC）,利用比表面积测试（BET）、X射线衍射（XRD）、红外光谱（FT-IR）、扫描电镜（SEM）解析活性炭的孔结构和表面特性,并探究活性炭对水溶液中亚甲基蓝（MB）的去除效果。研究结果表明：P-K-AC比P-AC、K-AC具有更大的比表面积（1 519.84 m²/g）和总孔体积（0.81 cm³/g）,P-AC、K-AC、P-K-AC的平均孔径分别为5.28、2.58、1.99 nm,P-K-AC以微孔为主,K-AC、P-AC均为介孔。3种活性炭表面均分布着丰富的含氧官能团和大量的无定型碳,为吸附MB提供了活性位点。在25 ℃条件下,将10 mg的P-AC、K-AC、P-K-AC分别加入50 mL质量浓度为100 mg/L的MB溶液中用于吸附MB实验。结果表明：P-K-AC的吸附效果最好,吸附率达到95%、吸附量为480.81 mg/g;其次是K-AC,吸附量为352.26 mg/g;P-AC吸附量最小,为225.01 mg/g。P-AC,K-AC、P-K-AC对MB的吸附过程都符合伪二级动力学模型、颗粒内扩散模型和Langmuir等温吸附模型。     

基于低场核磁共振技术水泥砂浆反复高温热损伤的研究

为了研究水泥砂浆反复经历高温及局部水冷作用后的损伤演化特征,将水泥砂浆试件中部进行钻孔,将试件加热到400 ℃并且向孔洞注水冷却至室温,重复操作。采用低场核磁共振技术、数字声波仪器、数码显微镜分别研究了水泥砂浆试件在高温及局部水冷作用下的损伤行为。结果表明,随着高温及局部冷却次数增多,试件小孔孔径及数量不断增大,而大孔孔径则减小,试件在经过第一次处理后其性能劣化最明显,且局部注水冷却使得孔洞周围的损伤大于其他部位。同时,随着高温及局部冷却次数增多,概率密度峰值所对应的灰度值增大并向右移动。另外,高温弱化了胶凝材料与砂粒的胶结能力,反复高温处理使得水泥浆与砂粒之间的胶结能力进一步削弱,试件的波速减小,但孔洞中注水冷却产生的温度应力使得胶凝材料与砂粒的胶结能力急剧下降,温度骤降产生的温度应力对胶凝材料与砂粒间的胶结能力的影响远大于反复高温处理。     

添加浮选镁砂颗粒和Al2O3细粉对方镁石-尖晶石砖性能的影响

以烧结镁砂、浮选镁砂、电熔镁铝尖晶石和煅烧Al₂O₃细粉为主要原料,以木质素磺酸钙为结合剂,经混练、成型、1 650℃烧成制备了方镁石-尖晶石砖,主要研究了以浮选镁砂颗粒替代普通烧结镁砂颗粒以及在此基础上外加不同量煅烧Al₂O₃细粉（质量分数分别为0、3%和5%）对方镁石-尖晶石砖性能的影响。结果表明：1)以浮选镁砂颗粒替代普通烧结镁砂颗粒制备的方镁石-尖晶石砖,显气孔率和常温耐压强度降低,体积密度、抗热震性、高温强度和高温韧性提高。2)在以浮选镁砂颗粒替代普通烧结镁砂颗粒制备的方镁石-尖晶石砖中,随着煅烧Al₂O₃细粉引入量的增多,显气孔率和常温耐压强度降低,体积密度、抗热震性、高温强度和高温韧性提高。     

鲜竹沥的化学成分

目的:研究干馏法鲜竹沥的化学成分.方法:采用大孔吸附树脂、高效液相色谱法对干馏法鲜竹沥进行分离纯化,采用高分辨质谱(HR-ESI-MS)、核磁共振(NMR)等波谱技术鉴定分离单体的结构.结果:从干馏法鲜竹沥中分离到10个化合物,依次鉴定为它乔糖苷(1)、邻二苯酚(2)、2-甲基-对苯酚(3)、4-氧化戊酮酸(4)、(R)-4-羟基-2-氧杂环丁烷酮(5)、1,6-脱水-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(6)、3-乙酰-1,6-脱水-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(7)、2-氨基咪唑(8)、5-羟甲基糠醛(9)、2-硝呋喃(10).结论:化合物2～8、10首次从鲜竹沥中分离得到,其中具有内醚糖结构的化合物6、7与干馏工艺相关.     

光催化紧密耦合微生物燃料电池研究综述

光催化紧密耦合微生物燃料电池技术(ICPB)是将光催化与微生物燃料电池结合起来,同时具有光催化及微生物燃料电池(MFC)双重优点.影响其性能的因素主要有光催化剂,阴极和阳极.其主要原理是通过光催化将不易降解的大分子分解成小分子,进而被微生物通过新陈代谢作用氧化降解.ICPB比单一光催化或MFC更具有优势,本文从光催化剂的种类,光催化剂与MFC紧密耦合的方式以及IPCB的优势等方面进行了综述,并对未来的研究进行了展望.     

线上线下混合式教学在"食品理化检验"课程中的探索

以"食品理化检验"的课堂教学为例,改变以往的教统的教学模式,基于云班课和虚拟仿真实训平台,开展线上与线下相结合的混合式教学,增强学生学习兴趣,提高学生参与度,通过这种混合式的教学方式也使学生的自主学习和师生互动交流得到了进一步强化,使学生的学习积极性、主动性和创新能力不断提升,教学效果有了明显提高.     

Hydrogen peroxide and applications in green hydrocarbon nitridation and oxidation

Basic organic chemicals and high value-added products are mainly produced by hydrocarbon nitridation and oxidation.However,several drawbacks limit the application of the traditional oxidation and nitrida-tion technologies in the future,such as complex processes,poor intrinsic safety,low atom utilization,and serious environmental pollution.The green nitridation and oxidation technologies are urgently needed.Hydrogen peroxide,a well-known green oxidant,is widely used in green hydrocarbon oxidation and nitridation.But its industrial production in China adopts fixed-bed technology,which is fall behind slurry-bed technology adopted by advanced foreign chemical companies,limiting the development of hydrogen peroxide industry and green hydrocarbon nitridation or oxidation industry.This article reviews the industrial production technologies of hydrogen peroxide and basic organic chemicals such as capro-lactam,aniline,propene oxide,epichlorohydrin,phenol,and benzenediol,especially introduces the green production technologies of basic organic chemicals related with H2O2.The article also emphasis on the efforts of Chinese researchers in developing its own slurry-bed technology of hydrogen peroxide produc-tion,and corresponding green hydrocarbon nitridation or oxidation technologies with hydrogen perox-ide.Compared with traditional nitridation or oxidation technologies,green production technologies of caprolactam,propene oxide,epichlorohydrin,and benzenediol with hydrogen peroxide promote the nitrogen atom utilization from 60％ to near 100％ and the carbon atom utilization from 80％ to near 100％.The waste emissions and environmental investments are reduced dramatically.Technological blockade against the green chemical industry of China are partially broken down,and technological upgrade in the chemical industry of China is guaranteed.